From Scat to Science: Mountain Lion Mysteries Revealed
Donor Spotlight: Jeff Torquemada & Wendy Sparks
December 10, 2024
Dr. Karen Dematteo, biologist and conservation detection dog trainer
The Scoop's in the Poop
When most people think of mountain lions, they picture majestic predators stealthily roaming wild landscapes. Few, however, consider the clues these big cats leave behind: their scat. While it might not be glamorous, mountain lion scat holds a wealth of information for researchers and conservationists, unlocking secrets about these elusive creatures and the ecosystems they inhabit.
From diet analysis to population monitoring, scat provides an invaluable resource for understanding mountain lion behavior and ecology. Here are some of the key insights researchers can glean:
1. Diet and Prey Preferences
BAPP wildlife biologist, Katie McPherson
One of the most straightforward uses of scat is identifying what mountain lions eat. By examining undigested remains, such as fur, feathers, or bones, researchers can determine the species of prey. This information helps assess predator-prey dynamics, revealing whether mountain lions favor deer, smaller mammals, or other animals in their habitat.
2. Habitat Use
Scat locations offer clues about a mountain lion's range and preferred habitats. Mapping scat deposits helps researchers understand where these animals spend their time, which areas are critical for hunting or resting, and how they move across the landscape.
3. Genetic Information
Every scat sample contains DNA, providing a non-invasive way to study individual mountain lions. Genetic analysis can reveal the animal’s sex, identify unique individuals, and even track familial relationships. This information is vital for monitoring population sizes, genetic diversity, and connectivity between populations.
4. Health Indicators
Scat can also reveal the health of a mountain lion. Parasite presence, hormone levels, and other biomarkers in scat samples help researchers assess stress levels, reproductive status, and overall wellbeing, offering insights into how environmental changes or human activities may impact the species.
5. Ecological Impact
Mountain lion scat contains nutrient-rich material that supports other organisms, including beetles, fungi, and plants. By studying scat's role in nutrient cycling, researchers can better understand the broader ecological impact of these predators.
The Bay Area Puma Project
The Bay Area Puma Project (BAPP) is pioneering large-scale research, education, and conservation efforts for mountain lions in our region. Recently, scientists and volunteers embarked on an adventure atop Franklin Ridge, collecting scat samples. A key player in this scavenger hunt was DJ, a talented Belgian Malinois from Working Dogs for Conservation. With his exceptional nose, DJ sniffed out puma scat, guiding the survey team to these treasured droppings.
Conservation detection dogs like DJ are remarkable animals trained to use their extraordinary sense of smell to aid in wildlife conservation efforts. These specialized canines can detect a wide range of scents, from endangered species to invasive plants, making them invaluable tools for scientists and conservationists.
Conservation Questions Answered Through Scat
The study of scat has become a cornerstone of modern wildlife conservation. Here are a few key ways of how scat analysis contributes to conservation efforts:
→ Assessing Population Health: DNA analysis from scat provides data on population size, genetic health, and trends over time, helping guide conservation strategies.
→ Understanding Human-Wildlife Interactions: Scat studies near human settlements reveal whether mountain lions are preying on livestock or pets, aiding in conflict mitigation.
→ Evaluating Habitat Connectivity: Scat locations help identify wildlife corridors and barriers, ensuring mountain lions can roam freely between territories.
→ Detecting Environmental Changes: Changes in diet or stress hormones can indicate shifts in prey availability or habitat quality, serving as early warning signs of ecosystem disruption.
Hiking the East Bay hills never disappoints, but it's extra special knowing that our work is safeguarding a vital wildlife corridor for native species, including California's iconic mountain lions.